Understanding Kinetic Isotope Effects in Chemical Reactions
ScienceEarth SciencesKinetic isotope effects play a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms of chemical reactions. This article explores the different types of kinetic isotope effects and their impact on reaction rates.
Intramolecular Reaction Pathways
⚛️The migration of a benzyl group to the enolate center is a key intramolecular reaction pathway. (0:16)
⚛️An alternative intramolecular pathway involves dissociation to form two radicals. (0:41)
⚛️The benzyl group can recombine with one of the radicals to form a new CC bond. (1:23)
Types of Kinetic Isotope Effects
⚗️Isotopes bonds exhibit the same chemical reactivity. (5:42)
⚗️Including bending modes in calculations can provide a more accurate picture of the kinetic isotope effect. (11:24)
⚗️The secondary kinetic isotope effect is observed in dissociative processes. (17:49)
FAQ
What is the primary kinetic isotope effect?
The primary kinetic isotope effect tends to max out around 8 in practice.
How can kinetic isotope effects be measured?
Measuring the rate can help detect if the rate-determining step involves a proton transfer.
What is the secondary kinetic isotope effect?
The secondary kinetic isotope effect is observed in dissociative processes, where the attached atom in the transition state affects the reaction rate.
Are isotope substitution experiments necessary to measure kinetic isotope effects?
Isotope substitution experiments are not necessary to measure kinetic isotope effects in these reactions.
How can kinetic isotope effects be tracked in a mechanism?
Deuterium can be used to track the mechanistic pathway.
Summary with Timestamps
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Kinetic isotope effects play a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms of chemical reactions. This article explores the different types of kinetic isotope effects and their impact on reaction rates.
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